Grid code
Technical standards set by national or regional grid operators (TSOs) that all grid-connected equipment must comply with. Covers frequency response, voltage ride-through, reactive power capability, protection settings, and control interfaces. Grid codes vary by country and are regularly updated.
In energy storage
Grid code compliance is verified through a combination of simulation studies (power system modelling) and on-site commissioning tests — covering fault ride-through, reactive power capability at different voltage levels, active power response, and protection settings. In many jurisdictions (e.g. GB under GC0137), BESS with grid-forming capability must meet additional requirements for inertial response and damping power.
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