DSO (Distribution System Operator)
Also known as: DNO, Distribution Network Operator
The entity responsible for operating the electricity distribution network (lower voltage, local networks). DSOs procure flexibility services — including from BESS — to manage local grid constraints.
In energy storage
BESS projects connected at distribution voltage (typically MV, 6–50 kV) interact with the DSO for grid connection offers, protection settings, and any export or import constraints. DSOs also procure local flexibility services — such as congestion management and reactive power support — from distribution-connected BESS, separately from the wholesale and TSO-level ancillary service markets.
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