DoD (Depth of Discharge)
The percentage of a battery's total capacity used in a single charge/discharge cycle. A 90% DoD means 90% of the stored energy is discharged before recharging. Operating at lower DoD (e.g. 80% instead of 100%) significantly extends cycle life.
In energy storage
OEM warranties and EPC contracts typically specify an allowable DoD window — for example 90% DoD for LFP or 80–90% for NMC — and the degradation guarantee is only valid within those limits. The relationship between DoD and degradation is nonlinear: both the swing width and the absolute SoC levels at which the cycle occurs affect aging rate, so the site controller's operating strategy must balance usable energy per cycle against long-term capacity retention.
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